Bilingual glossary
| Vietnamese | English | Short definition |
|---|---|---|
| Sự kiện quanh thụ thể | Perireceptor events | All processes acting on an odorant molecule before it binds a receptor: airflow, sorption, mucus, enzymes. |
| Khe khứu giác | Olfactory cleft | Narrow region in the roof of the nasal cavity that contains the olfactory epithelium. |
| Động lực học chất lưu tính toán | Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) | Simulation of nasal airflow built from CT images. |
| Chu kỳ mũi | Nasal cycle | Alternation of the dominant patent nostril, with an average cycle of about 2 hours while awake. |
| Hệ số phân bố | Partition coefficient | Ratio of a compound’s concentration between two phases, here mucus and air. |
| Quan hệ năng lượng tự do tuyến tính | Linear free-energy relationship (LFER) | Model that predicts odour thresholds from physicochemical descriptors. |
| Protein gắn mùi | Odorant-binding protein (OBP) | Mucus protein that binds odorants; in humans, OBP2A and OBP2B. |
| Chuyển hóa sinh học chất mùi | Odorant biotransformation | Enzymatic conversion of odorants in the mucus or epithelium before they reach the receptor. |
| Đường trước mũi / sau mũi | Orthonasal / retronasal | Odour entering through the nostrils / odour travelling back up from the mouth during eating and drinking. |
| Thụ thể đồng thuận | Consensus receptor | Artificial sequence built from the average of a receptor family, used to obtain a stable structure. |
| Lý thuyết hình dạng / dao động | Shape / vibration theory | Two hypotheses about how receptors recognise molecules: through geometry and physicochemistry, or through bond vibration frequencies. |
| Đồng phân gương | Enantiomer | Two forms of a molecule that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. |
| Cầu khứu | Glomerulus | Unit of convergence of sensory neuron axons in the olfactory bulb; humans have about 5,000–8,000 per bulb. |
| Tế bào mitral | Mitral cell | Principal projection neuron of the olfactory bulb. |
| Tạo neuron mới ở người trưởng thành | Adult neurogenesis | Virtually absent in the adult human olfactory bulb; present in the olfactory epithelium. |
| Định tuổi bằng carbon-14 | Carbon-14 birth dating | Dating of cells based on the isotope released by 20th-century nuclear tests. |
| Cổ vỏ | Paleocortex | Three-layered type of cortex, including the piriform cortex. |
| Vỏ chuyển tiếp | Periallocortex | Transitional cortex between paleocortex and neocortex. |
| Nhân endopiriform | Endopiriform nucleus | Nucleus lying deep to the piriform cortex, often included when piriform volume is measured. |
| Đồi thị lưng-giữa | Mediodorsal thalamus | Relay on the indirect pathway to the orbitofrontal cortex; in humans it supports olfactory attention. |
| Tractography | Tractography | Reconstruction of axonal pathways from diffusion MRI; unreliable for small olfactory structures. |
| Mép trước | Anterior commissure | Fibre bundle connecting the two hemispheres, including an olfactory component. |
| Tính bên | Laterality | Functional difference between the two hemispheres. |
| Ngửi mù | Blind smell | Preserved non-conscious responses to odours despite loss of conscious odour perception. |
On sources and access limitations
The four collection strands used web searches and direct access to publisher pages, university repositories and author manuscripts. Many pages required browser verification; no verification mechanism was bypassed, and those sources are recorded as abstract-only. One important source that could not be read is the meta-analysis defining the olfactory region of the orbitofrontal cortex (Gottfried & Zald 2005). Every value taken from a secondary source or from an abstract alone is flagged in the “Access” column of Appendix A.
A monograph compiled from 259 sourced facts collected under a common protocol. Practical-implication sections are the compilers’ inferences. Diagrams are newly drawn from published data. Scientific reference material, not medical advice.