Bilingual glossary
| Vietnamese | English | Short definition |
|---|---|---|
| Giá trị hoạt tính mùi | Odour activity value (OAV) | Concentration divided by the detection threshold, both measured in the same matrix. |
| Chất mang mùi đặc trưng | Character-impact compound | A compound that on its own evokes the recognisable identity of the raw material. |
| Thí nghiệm loại bỏ | Omission test | Removing one compound at a time from an aroma recombinate to see whether that compound determines the odour. |
| Quan hệ cấu trúc–mùi | Structure–odour relationship (SOR) | The link between details of molecular structure and odour. |
| Con đường mevalonate / methylerythritol phosphate | MVA / MEP pathway | The two pathways that produce C5 isoprene units, in the cytosol and in plastids respectively. |
| Phenylpropene | Phenylpropene | C6–C3 aromatic compounds from the shikimate pathway, such as eugenol, anethole and safrole. |
| O-methyl hóa | O-methylation | Attachment of a methyl group to the oxygen of a phenol; determines the chemotype of basil and star anise. |
| Kiểu hóa học | Chemotype | A group of individuals of the same species that differ clearly in the main constituents of their essential oil. |
| Đồng phân hình học | E/Z isomers | Two forms that differ in the arrangement around a double bond, such as geraniol and nerol. |
| Đồng phân gương | Enantiomers | Two forms that are mirror images of each other; the ratio between them is a marker of authenticity. |
| Racemic | Racemate | A 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers, common in synthetic material. |
| GC đối quang | Enantioselective (chiral) GC | Gas chromatography capable of separating two enantiomers. |
| Đồng rửa giải | Co-elution | Two compounds leaving the chromatographic column at the same time, so that their percentages are merged. |
| Phần trăm diện tích pic | Peak-area percent | A way of reporting composition by chromatographic peak area; it is not percent by mass. |
| Hệ số đáp ứng | Response factor | Detector signal per unit mass; it differs between compounds. |
| Tự oxy hóa | Autoxidation | Slow reaction with atmospheric oxygen that forms hydroperoxides. |
| Hydroperoxide | Hydroperoxide | Primary oxidation product containing an –OOH group; many are potent skin allergens. |
| EC3 | EC3 (LLNA) | The concentration producing a threefold response in the mouse local lymph node assay; the lower it is, the stronger the sensitiser. |
| Furocoumarin | Furocoumarin | Group of non-volatile compounds in cold-pressed citrus oils that are phototoxic; for example bergapten. |
| Dầu bỏ furocoumarin | FCF / bergaptene-free | Citrus oil from which furocoumarins have been removed by distillation or treatment. |
| Phân đoạn chưng cất | Fractional distillation | Collecting oil by successive periods of distillation; produces the extra, I, II and III grades of ylang-ylang. |
| Absolute / concrete | Absolute / concrete | Solvent-extracted products: a concrete contains waxes, an absolute is the ethanol-soluble fraction. |
| Xạ hương vòng lớn | Macrocyclic musk | Ketones or lactones with rings of 14–19 atoms. |
| Tiền chất | Precursor | A chemical that can be used to manufacture a controlled substance; safrole is one example. |
Sources and access limitations
Four independent collection branches worked to a common protocol, using web search and direct access to publisher pages, repositories and official previews of standards. Of the 718 data points, 550 were taken from full texts or data tables, 91 from partial texts and 77 from abstracts only. Some sites (PubMed, PMC) required browser verification; no verification mechanism was bypassed, and those sources are recorded as unread or abstract only. ISO ranges are quoted only for the main identifying constituents, for the purpose of reading certificates; the full text of a standard must be purchased from ISO or consulted in the equivalent TCVN edition. In line with the protocol, this monograph records no procedure for isolating, synthesising or converting any chemical; for safrole, only composition and legal status are recorded.
A monograph compiled from 718 sourced facts collected under a common protocol and cross-checked independently. Items labelled Inference are the compilers’ own judgements. Diagrams are newly drawn from published data. Scientific reference material — not legal or medical advice, and no substitute for the text of the standards.